Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring amino acid and is a thiourea derivative of histidine, containing a sulfur atom on the imidazole ring. This compound occurs in relatively few organisms, notably actinomycetota, cyanobacteria, and certain fungi. Ergothioneine was discovered by Charles Tanret in 1909 and named after the ergot fungus from which it was first purified, with its structure being determined in 1911.
Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring amino acid and is a thiourea derivative of histidine, containing a sulfur atom on the imidazole ring. This compound occurs in relatively few organisms, notably actinomycetota, cyanobacteria, and certain fungi. Ergothioneine was discovered by Charles Tanret in 1909 and named after the ergot fungus from which it was first purified, with its structure being determined in 1911.
In humans, ergothioneine is acquired exclusively through the diet and accumulates in erythrocytes, bone marrow, liver, kidney, seminal fluid, and eyes. Although the effect of ergothioneine in vivo is under preliminary research, its physiological role in humans is unknown. Ergothioneine is sold as a dietary supplement.
1. Antioxidant Activity
Ergothioneine is a powerful antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative stress by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. Unlike many antioxidants, it is highly stable and doesn't become a pro-oxidant after donating electrons.
2. Cytoprotective Properties
It helps maintain cellular health by:
Protecting DNA, proteins, and lipids from oxidative damage.
Supporting mitochondrial function and preventing mitochondrial damage.
3. Anti-inflammatory Effects
Ergothioneine may reduce inflammation by modulating inflammatory pathways and reducing oxidative stress, which is a key driver of chronic inflammation.
4. Neuroprotection
Because it accumulates in high concentrations in the brain and nervous system, ergothioneine is believed to help protect neurons from:
It may enhance immune response by protecting immune cells from oxidative damage and maintaining their function during stress or infection.
6. Skin and Tissue Protection
Found in high levels in the liver, kidneys, and skin, ergothioneine protects tissues that are frequently exposed to toxins, UV radiation, and environmental stressors.
Tests
Limits
Methods
Appearance
White to off-white powder
Visual
Identification | HPLC Retention time
The principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution is similar in retention time the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution
USP<621>
Purity
≥99.0%（HPLC-UV）
Lost on drying
≤0.2%
USP<731>
Bulk Density of Powders
0.40~0.80 g/ml
USP<616>
Residual Solvent
Ethnaol≤300ppm
USP<467>
Lead (Pb)
≤0.1ppm
USP<233>
Arsenic (As)
≤0.1ppm
Mercury (Hg)
≤0.1ppm
Cadmium (Cd)
≤0.1ppm
Total Microbial Count
≤100cfu/g
USP<2021>+ USP<2023>
Mold&Yeast
≤10cfu/g
E.Coli
Negative/g
Staphylococcus aureus
Negative/g
Salmonella
Negative/25g
Assay(on dry basis)
99.0%~101.0%
USP<621>
Packing: Medicinal polyethylene bag packaging，packed and sealed in aluminum foil bag. Storage Condition: Store in a well-closed container away from moisture and direct sunlight. Store at 2~8℃.
